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Information Bulbs rhizomatous, unbranched, continuously scaly, 1.4–3.5 × 3.3–9.2 cm, 0.3–0.5 times taller than long; scales (1–)2–3(–4)-segmented, longest 1.1–3.4 cm; stem roots absent. Stems to 1.7 m. Buds rounded in cross section. Leaves in 2–5 whorls or partial whorls, 3–13 leaves per whorl, ± horizontal and drooping at tips or ascending in sun, 4–15.1 × 0.5–4.4 cm, 2.3–10.8 times longer than wide; blade ± elliptic, margins not undulate, apex acute, often narrowly so; veins and margins ± smooth abaxially. Inflorescences racemose, 1–26(–41)-flowered. Flowers ± horizontal to ascending, sometimes slightly bilaterally symmetric, not fragrant; perianth ± funnelform; sepals and petals somewhat recurved 3/5–2/3 along length from base, not strongly reflexed, lower often less recurved than upper and forming landing platform, orange or yellowish proximally, darker (light orange, orange, red-orange, red, or rarely ± pinkish) on distal 2/5, occasionally uniformly light orange or rarely yellow, spotted dark purple-brown or maroon, often pale abaxially, not distinctly clawed; sepals not ridged abaxially, noticeably wider than petals, 3.2–4.2 × 0.8–1.3 cm; petals 3.2–4.2 × 0.6–1.2 cm; stamens moderately exserted; filaments moderately spreading, diverging 8°–17° from axis; anthers pale yellow, orangish, or magenta, 0.3–0.8 cm; pollen yellowish to red-orange; pistil 2.3–3.7 cm; ovary 0.8–1.4 cm; style pale green; pedicel 3.5–15.5 cm. Capsules 1.6–2.7 × 1.2–1.8 cm, 1.2–1.9 times longer than wide. Seeds 90–132. 2n = 24.

Information Bulbs rhizomatous, unbranched, continuously scaly, 1.4–3.1 × 3.8–8.2 cm, 0.3–0.6 times taller than long; scales 2–3-segmented, a few unsegmented, longest 0.8–2.7 cm; stem roots absent. Stems to 2.2 m. Buds rounded in cross section. Leaves scattered or usually in 1–4 whorls or partial whorls, 3–10 leaves per whorl, horizontal and drooping at tips, 7.8–15.8 × 1.1–5.3 cm, 3.2–10.8 times longer than wide; blade usually elliptic, occasionally weakly lanceolate or oblanceolate, margins not undulate, apex narrowly acute; veins and margins ± smooth abaxially. Inflorescences racemose, 1–15(–25)-flowered. Flowers pendent, mildly fragrant; perianth Turk’s-cap-shaped; sepals and petals reflexed 2/5 along length from base, yellow or yellow-orange, usually with copious maroon spots, not distinctly clawed; sepals not ridged abaxially, 4.3–5.7 × 0.9–1.5 cm; petals 4.2–5.7 × 0.9–1.5 cm; stamens moderately exserted; filaments moderately spreading, diverging 9°–19° from axis; anthers magenta or dull red, 0.3–0.6 cm; pollen pale orange, rust, orange, or tan-orange; pistil 2.6–3.4 cm; ovary 0.8–1.4 cm; style green; pedicel 8.5–20.7 cm. Capsules 1.5–2.9 × 1–1.9 cm, 1.1–2 times longer than wide. Seeds 96–169. 2n = 24.

Information Bulbs branching less often and less regularly than subsp. pardalinum, 2.1–4.4 × 4.4–10.3 cm, 0.4–0.6 times taller than long; scales (1–)2–4-segmented, longest 1.7–3.3 cm. Stems to 2.1 m, weakly clonal and not forming large colonies. Leaves ± evenly distributed along stem, often scattered in young plants or in 1–4 whorls or partial whorls, 3–13 leaves per whorl, horizontal and drooping at tips or ascending, 5–20.5 × 0.6–3.7 cm, 3–17 times longer than wide; blade elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, occasionally weakly oblanceolate, margins undulate or not. Racemes 1–25(–35)-flowered. Flowers not fragrant; sepals and petals reflexed 1/3 along length from base, yellow-orange or orange proximally, darker orange to red-orange to red on distal 1/3–1/2; sepals 3.7–7.6 × 0.9–2.1 cm; petals 3.7–7.6 × 0.9–2.2 cm; stamens moderately exserted; filaments moderately spreading, diverging 7°–19° from axis; anthers orange, orange-pink, or ± magenta, 0.5–1.4 cm; pollen yellow to bright orange, occasionally red-orange; pistil 3.3–4.4 cm; ovary 1.2–1.8 cm; pedicel 6.3–27 cm. Capsules 2.2–4.3 × 1.2–1.9 cm, 1.6–2.9 times longer than wide. Seeds 132–177. 2n = 24.

Information Bulbs branching dichotomously, 2–5.1 × 5.1–19 cm, 0.2–0.5 times taller than long, annual growth evident, generally forming discrete rounded module; scales usually 2-segmented but often unsegmented or 3-segmented, longest 1–2.7 cm. Stems to 2.8 m, strongly clonal, forming dense colonies. Leaves ± evenly distributed along stem, in 1–5 whorls or partial whorls, 3–18 leaves per whorl, usually horizontal and drooping at the tips, sometimes ± ascending, 8.2–24.5 × 0.9–5.6 cm, 3–12 times longer than wide; blade usually elliptic, sometimes ± oblanceolate, rarely lanceolate or obovate, margins usually straight but occasionally ± undulate. Racemes 1–28-flowered. Flowers rarely fragrant; sepals and petals reflexed 1/4 along length from base, yellow, yellow-orange, or orange proximally, usually darker red-orange to red or sometimes pale orange on distal 1/5–1/4; sepals (5.9–)6.6–10.4 × 1–2.1 cm; petals 5.9–10.2 × 1.1–2.5 cm; stamens strongly exserted; filaments often parallel over much of length, then spreading widely, diverging 14°–22° from axis; anthers usually purple, sometimes pale magenta or magenta, rarely yellowish, 1.1–2.2 cm; pollen orange-brown, rust, red-orange, or deep orange; pistil 5.6–7.5 cm; ovary 1.4–2.2 cm; pedicel 8.4–28 cm. Capsules 2.9–5.7 × 1.3–1.9 cm, 2–3.7 times longer than wide. Seeds 147–264. 2n = 24.

Information Herbs, perennial, bulbose. Bulbs whitish, rarely yellowish or purplish, often stained brown, erect and ovoid (hereafter “ovoid”), irregular and chunky (“chunky”), slanted in ground and ± elongate (“subrhizomatous”), or horizontally elongate (“rhizomatous”), sometimes branching if rhizomatous, rarely if not, 1.4–11.7 × 1.3–19 cm, 0.1–3 times taller than long, annual growth usually obscure; scales (modified leaves) numerous, fleshy and starchy, usually densely covering rhizomes, rarely bearing leaf blades known as basal leaves or their abscission scars, often notched or segmented, longest 0.8–11.9 cm; roots on each bulb either contractile and concentrically wrinkled and thick (to 5 mm), or for nutrition and thinner, fibrous. Stems erect, green, sometimes purple, rarely glaucous, to 3.1 m, ± glabrous, often with adventitious stem roots above bulb. Buds usually rounded in cross section, sometimes ± triangular. Leaves numerous, usually ± evenly distributed along stem, rarely concentrated proximally, scattered or more commonly in 1–12(–24) whorls with some scattered at stem base and apex, 3–20(–40) leaves per whorl, sessile, drooping at tips to ascending, 1.7–29 × 0.2–5.6 cm, 1.6–34 times longer than wide; blade green and somewhat lighter abaxially, rarely paler, linear, lanceolate, elliptic, or obovate, sometimes oblanceolate, especially in proximal leaves, often somewhat lanceolate in distal leaves, margins entire, undulate or not, usually glabrous and smooth or occasionally slightly papillose, sometimes roughened abaxially by ± deltoid epidermal spicules, apex acute to obtuse or rarely acuminate; principal veins usually 3, usually glabrous and smooth abaxially, sometimes with ± deltoid epidermal spicules, rarely impressed adaxially. Inflorescences maturing acropetally, terminal, racemose or umbellate (in small plants), usually open, bracteate, 1–25(–45)-flowered; bracts usually 1–2 per flower, often with one lanceolate and very wide and the other linear or filiferous. Flowers pendent, nodding, horizontal, ascending, or erect, radially or slightly bilaterally symmetric, fragrant or not; perianth campanulate, funnelform, or with sepals and petals strongly reflexed in form of a “Turk’s-cap”; sepals and petals usually differentiated, sometimes indistinctly so, recurved or reflexed, distinct, orange, red, yellow, pink, or white, usually with adaxial magenta or maroon spots concentrated in proximal 1/2–2/3, ± lanceolate and narrowed or rarely clawed, glabrous (pubescent strip at base in L. lancifolium), nectaries present on each but often more developed on sepals, basal, green, usually hidden but occasionally exposed and forming visible green star at adaxial base of perianth; sepals 3, occasionally ridged abaxially, 3.1–12 × 0.6–2.6 cm, apex usually acute; petals 3, ridged abaxially, with 2 adaxial longitudinal median rounded ridges, 3–11.2 × 0.6–3.4 cm, apex usually acute, often more widely than sepal apex; stamens 6, opposite sepals and petals, distinct, included to strongly exserted; filaments ± parallel to style or spreading, diverging to 31° from flower axis, color variable but usually pale green or nearly translucent; anthers versatile, color variable, usually purplish, becoming darker, oblong, 0.3–2.6 cm; pollen cream, yellow, peach, tan, orange, rust, or brown, usually becoming lighter; pistil compound, 3-lobed, 3-locular, oblong, 2.1–10.5 cm; ovary superior, 0.8–3.5 cm, axile placentas 6, ovules as many as seeds, a few developing without embryos; style initially parallel to flower axis, usually elongating and curving toward periphery, usually pale green, round in cross section; stigma 3-lobed, hollow in older flowers; pedicel not articulate, 0.8–32 cm. Fruits erect, green maturing to brown, capsular, 3-valved, not strongly winged, ± oblong-obovate, 1.5–7.7 × 0.8–3.3 cm, 1.1–4.8 times longer than wide, base constricted, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 67–330, light brown with darker ovate embryo in center, 6-ranked, flattened into 60° wedge, verrucose. x = 12.